Once upon a time, Vietnam was a French colony. While that era is long gone, the echoes of French influence linger. From the elegant architecture of Hanoi’s Old Quarter to the sophisticated coffee culture, French heritage is woven into the fabric of Vietnamese society. Learning a bit of French can unlock a deeper appreciation for Vietnam’s rich history and culture. So, why not add a touch of “je ne sais quoi” to your next adventure?
How Many Languages Are Spoken in Vietnam?
Vietnamese is the official and most widely spoken language in Vietnam, serving as the native tongue for approximately 85% of the population, including around two million Vietnamese immigrants worldwide. The Vietnamese writing system, known as Chữ Quốc Ngữ, is based on the Latin alphabet and was officially adopted in 1945, replacing the traditional Chinese script.
Vietnamese Dialects
Spoken Vietnamese is categorized into three main dialects based on regional variations:
- Northern Vietnamese – Predominant in Hanoi and other northern regions, this dialect is considered the standard pronunciation.
- Central Vietnamese – Spoken in Hue, Da Nang, and surrounding areas, it features distinct tonal differences.
- Southern Vietnamese – Common in Ho Chi Minh City and the Mekong Delta, this dialect has some variations in pronunciation and vocabulary compared to the northern dialect.
While grammar and vocabulary remain largely consistent across these dialects, pronunciation differences are the most notable.
Foreign Languages in Vietnam
Due to its history and global influences, Vietnam is home to several foreign languages.
- French – A legacy of French colonization (lasting over 60 years), French remains one of the most spoken foreign languages, particularly among the older generation.
- Russian, Czech, Polish, and German – Spoken by smaller communities, largely due to Vietnam’s historical ties with the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.
- English – The most widely learned and spoken foreign language in modern Vietnam. Since the Vietnam War, English has gained prominence, particularly in business, education, and tourism, making it an essential tool for communication across the country.
Whether exploring vibrant cities or rural landscapes, visitors will primarily hear Vietnamese, but English and French remain useful for navigating Vietnam’s diverse linguistic landscape.
Why do Vietnamese people speak French?
The French, with their penchant for croissants and colonialism, set their sights on Vietnam in the 19th century. Vietnam remained under French colonial rule from 1887 to 1940, during which French became the official administrative language. Proficiency in French was essential for education, government positions, and social mobility, making it a key factor in advancing within the colonial system.
The French carved out a piece of Southeast Asia, establishing French Indochina. The French influence seeped into every aspect of Vietnamese life, from the elegant villas of Hanoi to the classroom. The French language became the language of the elite, the language of power, and the language of education. French schools, French culture, and French fashion became the epitome of sophistication. So, next time you sip a café au lait in Hanoi, remember, you’re enjoying a little bit of French history with your coffee!
The Role of French in Vietnam Today
Vietnam’s love affair with French continues! French language courses are popping up everywhere, from cosy language schools to prestigious universities like the University of Science and Technology of Hanoi. And for those aiming high, scholarships to French-speaking universities like Sorbonne University offer a chance to study in the heart of French culture.
Vietnam’s active participation in La Francophonie, a global organisation of French-speaking countries, cements its cultural ties. Diplomatic relations with French-speaking nations further strengthen this bond, opening doors to collaborations in various fields. So, whether you’re a student dreaming of Parisian boulevards or a professional seeking international opportunities, learning French can unlock a world of possibilities in Vietnam.
French’s Cultural and Artistic Influence
From Hanoi’s elegant Opera House to the French Quarter’s charming cafes, French colonial architecture still graces Vietnam’s cityscape. Vietnamese cuisine, a delicious fusion, owes much to French influence – think of the beloved bánh mì sandwich! Art and literature also bear the French mark, with the French language still widely spoken and celebrated in cultural events like the Festival Francophone de Hanoi.
French Influence on Tourism and Business in Vietnam
French continues to weave its magic in Vietnam. As a popular destination for French-speaking tourists, Vietnam leverages its Gallic charm to attract visitors seeking a unique cultural experience. From historic colonial architecture to French-inspired cafes and restaurants, the country’s Francophone heritage is a major draw. In the business world, French language skills remain a valuable asset. Vietnamese businesses often partner with French companies, and a shared linguistic and cultural understanding can facilitate smoother collaborations. Whether it’s negotiating deals or simply communicating with French clients, proficiency in French can provide a competitive edge.
Challenges and Decline in French Language Use
Once the language of the elite, French has seen a decline in Vietnam, particularly among younger generations. With English emerging as the global lingua franca, younger Vietnamese are increasingly opting to learn English for its practical applications in education and business.
However, French remains a niche language with a dedicated following. It’s still valued in specific fields like diplomacy, culture, and academia. French language schools and cultural centres continue to thrive, preserving the legacy of Francophone Vietnam. While its widespread use may have diminished, French continues to hold a special place in the hearts of many Vietnamese, symbolising a bygone era of elegance and sophistication.
Conclusion
So, will French continue to waltz through the streets of Hanoi, or will it fade into a distant memory? Only time will tell. But one thing’s for sure: learning French can open doors to a fascinating world of history, culture, and delicious food. Want to keep the French language alive? La Forêt French Class is your passport to a linguistic adventure.
Did You Know?
- The French introduced the Latin alphabet to Vietnam, which replaced the traditional Chinese script. This led to the creation of the modern Vietnamese writing system.
- Many French words have been incorporated into the Vietnamese language, particularly in areas like cuisine, fashion, and technology.
- A unique genre of French-Vietnamese literature emerged during the colonial period, reflecting the cultural and linguistic exchange between the two nations.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Why is French spoken in Vietnam?
Ans: French is spoken in Vietnam due to the country’s colonial history under French rule from the late 19th century to the mid-20th century.
2. How long did France rule Vietnam?
Ans: France ruled Vietnam for approximately 86 years, from 1887 to 1954.
3. Is French still taught in Vietnam?
Ans: Yes! French is still taught in Vietnam, particularly in schools and universities. It’s seen as a language of culture and prestige, and it’s often studied alongside English.
