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7 Best French Poems from the Classic Era

Arti Goyal 11 min read
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Poetry holds a special place in French culture. French children start learning poetry from a young age, immersing themselves in its beauty. French poetry showcases a rich diversity of themes and forms, reflecting the nation’s vibrant literary heritage.

Poetry and Language

The French language is known for its musicality and melodious nature. Unique vowel sounds create a smooth, flowing rhythm in poetry. This musical quality enhances the emotional impact of the verses. Poets like Arthur Rimbaud and Paul Verlaine have greatly influenced contemporary French poetry. Their innovative use of language and imagery continues to inspire poets today.

Demain, dès l’aube by Victor Hugo (1802-1885)

Victor Hugo is a giant of literature. In “Demain, dès l’aube,” he explores grief through vivid nature imagery. The poem conveys both the pain of loss and the unwavering resolve of the mourner.

Demain, dès l’aube, à l’heure où blanchit la campagne
(Tomorrow, at dawn, at the moment when the land whitens,)
Je partirai. Vois-tu, je sais que tu m’attends.
(I will leave. You see, I know you are waiting for me.)
J’irai par la forêt, j’irai par la montagne.
(I will go through the forest, I will go across the mountains.)
Je ne puis demeurer loin de toi plus longtemps.
(I cannot remain far from you any longer.)

Je marcherai les yeux fixés sur mes pensées,
(I will walk with my eyes fixed on my thoughts,)
Sans rien voir au dehors, sans entendre aucun bruit,
(Without seeing anything outside, without hearing any sound,)
Seul, inconnu, le dos courbé, les mains croisées,
(Alone, unknown, my back curved, my hands crossed,)
Triste, et le jour pour moi sera comme la nuit.
(Sad, and the day for me will be like the night.)

Je ne regarderai ni l’or du soir qui tombe,
(I will not look at the gold of the evening that falls,)
Ni les voiles au loin descendant vers Harfleur,
(Nor the sails going down to Harfleur far away,)
Et quand j’arriverai, je mettrai sur ta tombe
(And when I arrive, I will place on your tomb)
Un bouquet de houx vert et de bruyère en fleur.
(A bouquet of green holly and flowering heather.)

Chanson d’automne by Paul Verlaine (1844-1896)

Paul Verlaine is known for his evocative poetry. “Chanson d’automne” by Paul Verlaine captures the melancholic mood of autumn, reflecting on the passage of time and the sadness of falling leaves. The poem evokes a sense of nostalgia and introspection, using autumn as a metaphor for the inevitable changes and losses in life.

Les sanglots longs (The long sobs)
Des violons (Of the violins)
De l’automne (Of autumn)
Blessent mon cœur (Wound my heart)
D’une langueur (With a monotonous)
Monotone. (Languor.)

Tout suffocant (All suffocating)
Et blême, quand (And pale, when)
Sonne l’heure, (The hour sounds,)
Je me souviens (I remember)
Des jours anciens (The old days)
Et je pleure; (And I cry;)

Et je m’en vais (And I go)
Au vent mauvais (In the ill wind)
Qui m’emporte (That carries me)
Deçà, delà, (Here, there,)
Pareil à la (Like the)
Feuille morte. (Dead leaf.)

Ma bohème by Arthur Rimbaud (1854-1891)

Arthur Rimbaud significantly influenced French literature. “Ma Bohème” by Arthur Rimbaud reflects the poet’s romantic and bohemian lifestyle, celebrating his freedom and artistic wanderings.

Je m’en allais, les poings dans mes poches crevées
(I strayed away, my fists buried in my tattered pockets;)
Mon paletot aussi devenait idéal;
(My coat too was becoming ideal;)
J’allais sous le ciel, Muse! et j’étais ton féal;
(I wandered beneath the sky, Muse! and I was your vassal;)
Oh! là là! que d’amours splendides j’ai rêvées!
(Oh! Oh! what splendid loves I dreamed of!)

Mon unique culotte avait un large trou.
(My only pair of pants had a large hole.)
— Petit-Poucet rêveur, j’égrenais dans ma course
(— Dreaming Tom Thumb, I scattered in my wanderings)
Des rimes. Mon auberge était à la Grande Ourse.
(Rhymes. My inn was at the Big Dipper.)
— Mes étoiles au ciel avaient un doux frou-frou
(— My stars in the sky rustled softly)

Et je les écoutais, assis au bord des routes,
(And I listened to them, sitting at the roadside,)
Ces bons soirs de septembre où je sentais des gouttes
(Those good September evenings where I felt drops)
De rosée à mon front, comme un vin de vigueur;
(Of dew on my forehead like a vigorous wine;)

Où, rimant au milieu des ombres fantastiques,
(Where, rhyming amid fantastic shadows,)
Comme des lyres, je tirais les élastiques
(Like lyres, I pulled the elastic bands)
De mes souliers blessés, un pied près de mon cœur!
(Of my wounded shoes, one foot close to my heart!)

L’Albatros by Charles Baudelaire (1821-1867)

Charles Baudelaire, a pivotal figure in French literature, uses “L’Albatros” to depict the poet’s struggle through the metaphor of an albatross.

Souvent, pour s’amuser, les hommes d’équipage
(Often, to amuse themselves, the crew)
Prennent des albatros, vastes oiseaux des mers,
(Catch albatrosses, those vast sea-birds)
Qui suivent, indolents compagnons de voyage,
(Who follow, sluggish companions of the voyage,)
Le navire glissant sur les gouffres amers.
(The ship gliding on the bitter gulfs.)

À peine les ont-ils déposés sur les planches,
(Hardly have they placed them on the decks,)
Que ces rois de l’azur, maladroits et honteux,
(When these kings of the sky, awkward and ashamed,)
Laissent piteusement leurs grandes ailes blanches
(Let their great white wings)
Comme des avirons traîner à côté d’eux.
(Drag pitifully like oars at their sides.)

Ce voyageur ailé, comme il est gauche et veule!
(This winged traveler, how weak and awkward!)
Lui, naguère si beau, qu’il est comique et laid!
(He, once so beautiful, now comic and ugly!)
L’un agace son bec avec un brûle-gueule,
(One sailor pokes a pipe into his beak,)
L’autre mime, en boitant, l’infirme qui volait!
(Another mimics, limping, the crippled flier!)

Le Poète est semblable au prince des nuées
(The Poet is like the prince of the clouds)
Qui hante la tempête et se rit de l’archer;
(Who haunts the storm and laughs at the bowman;)
Exilé sur le sol au milieu des huées,
(Exiled on the ground, amidst hooting crowds,)
Ses ailes de géant l’empêchent de marcher.
(His giant wings keep him from walking.)

Déjeuner du Matin by Jacques Prévert (1900-1977)

This poem is known for its simplicity and poignant depiction of a mundane moment that subtly conveys deeper emotions.

Il a mis le café (He poured the coffee)
Dans la tasse (Into the cup)
Il a mis le lait (He put the milk)
Dans la tasse de café (Into the cup of coffee)
Il a mis le sucre (He put the sugar)
Dans le café au lait (Into the coffee with milk)
Avec la petite cuillère (With a small spoon)
Il a tourné (He churned)
Il a bu le café au lait (He drank the coffee)
Et il a reposé la tasse (And he put down the cup)
Sans me parler (Without any word to me)

Il a allumé (He lit)
Une cigarette (One cigarette)
Il a fait des ronds (He made circles)
Avec la fumée (With the smoke)
Il a mis les cendres (He shook off the ash)
Dans le cendrier (Into the ashtray)
Sans me parler (Without any word to me)
Sans me regarder (Without any look at me)

Il s’est levé (He got up)
Il a mis (He put on)
Son chapeau sur sa tête (His hat on his head)
Il a mis (He put on)
Son manteau de pluie (His raincoat)
Parce qu’il pleuvait (Because it was raining)
Et il est parti (And he left)
Sous la pluie (Into the rain)
Sans une parole (Without any word to me)
Sans me regarder (Without any look at me)

Et moi j’ai pris (And I buried)
Ma tête dans ma main (My face in my hands)
Et j’ai pleuré (And I cried.)

Je t’aime by Paul Éluard (1895-1952)

Paul Éluard, a key figure in surrealism, wrote “Je t’aime” during World War II. The poem’s themes of freedom and its repetitive structure highlight resistance.

Je t’aime pour toutes les femmes que je n’ai pas aimées
(I love you for all the women I have not loved)
Je t’aime pour tous les jours où je n’ai pas vécu
(I love you for all the days I have not lived)
Je t’aime pour toutes les fois où je n’ai pas vécu
(I love you for all the times I have not lived)
Je t’aime pour toutes les fois où j’ai vécu sans toi
(I love you for all the times I lived without you)

Je t’aime pour l’enfance et pour le monde
(I love you for childhood and for the world)
Je t’aime pour le passé et pour le futur
(I love you for the past and for the future)
Je t’aime pour le bonheur que je n’ai pas eu
(I love you for the happiness I never had)
Je t’aime pour la mort que je n’ai pas vue
(I love you for the death I have not seen)

Je t’aime pour la vie que je ne connais pas
(I love you for the life I do not know)
Je t’aime pour le soleil et pour les étoiles
(I love you for the sun and for the stars)
Je t’aime pour la lune et pour le ciel
(I love you for the moon and for the sky)
Je t’aime pour l’éternité et pour l’instant
(I love you for eternity and for the moment)

À une passante by Charles Baudelaire (1821-1867)

Charles Baudelaire’s “À une passante” captures a fleeting moment of beauty and desire as the poet observes a passerby.

La rue assourdissante autour de moi hurlait.
(The deafening street roared around me.)
Longue, mince, en grand deuil, douleur majestueuse,
(Tall, slender, in deep mourning, majestic grief)
Une femme passa, d’une main fastueuse
(A woman passed, with a lavish hand)
Soulevant, balançant le feston et l’ourlet;
(Raising, swinging the hem and the flounce;)

Agile et noble, avec sa jambe de statue.
(Agile and noble, with her statue-like leg.)
Moi, je buvais, crispé comme un extravagant,
(I drank, clenched like a madman,)
Dans son œil, ciel livide où germe l’ouragan,
(In her eye, a pale sky where the storm is born,)
La douceur qui fascine et le plaisir qui tue.
(The sweetness that fascinates and the pleasure that kills.)

Un éclair… puis la nuit! — Fugitive beauté
(A flash… then the night! — Fleeting beauty)
Dont le regard m’a fait soudainement renaître,
(Whose glance suddenly made me reborn,)
Ne te verrai-je plus que dans l’éternité?
(Will I only see you again in eternity?)

Ailleurs, bien loin d’ici! trop tard! jamais peut-être!
(Elsewhere, far from here! too late! never, perhaps!)
Car j’ignore où tu fuis, tu ne sais où je vais,
(For I do not know where you flee, you do not know where I go,)
O toi que j’eusse aimée, ô toi qui le savais!
(O you whom I would have loved, O you who knew it!)

Conclusion

French poetry holds cultural and educational significance, enriching readers with its beauty and depth. Explore more French poems and literature to enhance your understanding. Reading poetry improves language skills and provides a deeper appreciation of French culture. To learn French check our courses at La Forêt French Class.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Who is the greatest French poet?

Ans: Determining the greatest French poet is subjective, as many have significantly impacted literature. Charles Baudelaire, with his innovative and provocative style, stands out for his profound influence. His work, particularly “Les Fleurs du mal,” is essential reading. 

Q: Who is the father of French poetry?

Ans: The father of French poetry is often considered to be François Villon, a 15th-century poet known for his unique and personal style. His works, filled with emotion and vivid imagery, laid the groundwork for future French poets.

Arti Goyal

Arti is a passionate French trainer with extensive experience in guiding students through DELF, TEF, and TCF exam preparation. Known for her engaging teaching methods, she combines a deep knowledge of the French language with an ability to make learning both effective and enjoyable. Arti focuses on practical communication skills, ensuring that her students not only succeed in their exams but also feel confident using French in everyday situations. Committed to her students’ growth, she fosters a learning environment where French becomes more than just a subject—it’s an enriching and lasting experience.

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